TyroCity: Chemistry Notes

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What are radioisotopes? State one use of such isotopes.

Boron and Silicon- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Write the formula of Borax and boric acid.
Give an important use of Silicon.

Define coefficient of viscosity.

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Ans: Coefficient of viscosity is defined as the tangential force per unit area required to maintain unit velocity gradient between the layers of liquid.

Ozone

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Write resonance structures of ozone.
How does CFC deplet Ozone layer?

Verification of (Boyle's + Charles) Law

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

VERIFY BOYLE’S LAW WITH THE HELP OF K.M.T

According to Boyle’s law at constant temperature, pressure & volume of a gas are related as:

PV = constant

According to Kinetic theory, pressure of a gas is

VERIFY CHARLES LAW WITH THE HELP OF K.M.T
According to Charles law at constant pressure, absolute temperature & volume of a gas are related as:
V/T = constant
According to Kinetic theory, pressure of a gas is

What is the effect of temperature on-

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Surface tension:- It decreases on increase in temperature and vice versa.

Viscosity:- It decreases on increase in temperature and vice versa.

Vapour pressure:- It increases with increase in temperature and vice versa.

Carbon

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Carbon monoxide is used as a reducing agent in metallurgy but not carbon dioxide. Why?
Give the laboratory method of preparation of carbon monoxide.
Define the terms ‘allotropes’ with examples.
What happens when carbon monoxide is passed over heated finely divided nickel?
What happens when a piece of burning magnesium is dropped into a jar full of carbondioxide?
What happens when oxalic acid crystals are heated with concentrated sulphuric acid?
Why is carbon used as the most common reducing agent in thermal metallurgy?
What is dry ice? Why it is called so?
Why is carbon monoxide extremely poisonous?
Give examples of crystalline allotropes of Carbon.
Write a chemical reaction to show the reducing action of CO.
How would you convert CO into CO2 and vice versa?
What happens when Carbon monoxide is heated with hydrogen in presence of ZnO and Cu?
Name the latest discovered allotropic form of carbon.
What happens when:

(a) Carbon monoxide is passed over finely divided nickel at 80°C.

(b) A gas obtained from a mixture of marble and dilute hydrochloric acid is passed into lime water till excess.

(d) Carbon monoxide is passed over finely divided nickel.

Give reason.

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

a) Falling liquid drops are spherical.
Due to surface tension. Surface tension is the property of liquid due to which it tries to aquire minimum surface area. Since, for a given volume sphere has a minimum surface area, a mercury droplet is spherical.

b) Evaporation takes place from the surface of liquid.
Since, the kinetic energy of the surface molecule is greater than the bulk molecule, evaporation takes place from the surface of liquid.

c) It is more efficient to wash clothes in hot water than cold water.
Surface tension decreases on increase in temperature. Due to this hot water can wet the clothes more effectively then cold water. So, it is more e to wash clothes in hot water than cold water

Language of Chemistry

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Define a chemical change and point out its two important characters.
What information can you obtain from the symbol 3919K?
How many electrons and neutrons are present in the symbol 2713Al?
Two elements A and B have outer most shell electronic configuration 3s1 and 2s2 2p4 respectively, then name the chemical formed between them.

Atomic Structure

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Give the electronic configuration of copper (At. no. 29) in terms of s, p, d, f orbitals.
What is an orbital? Write the shapes of s and p orbitals.
Give the electronic configuration of silver (At. No. 47) in terms of s, p, d, f orbitals.
A scientist investing the electron structure of the element concluded that the K, L and M shells were all full and that the N shell contained four electrons. What is the atomic number of that electron?
For n=4, write all possible values of l and m.
Discuss how Bhors was able to predict the line spectra of a hydrogen atom.
Write the electronic configuration of Chromium (At. No. 24) in terms of s.p.d orbitals.
An atomic orbital has n=3, what are the possible values of l and m?
What are the values for n, l and m for 2Px orbital?
An electorn possesses the quantum numbers n=2, l=0 and m=0. What so they mean?
Write the atomic number of elements whode outermost electornic configuration are represented by (a) 3S1 (b) 3P6.
What observation did Rutherford led to conclude that the nucleus of atom is very small but heavy mass?
Why is it that electron does not jump into the nucleus?
What is meant by atomic spectrum?
Write the Lewis structure of the compound formed by two elements A and B whose atomic numbers are 12 and 17 respectively.
What are the values of Principal quantum number (n) and Azimuthal quantum number (l) for the following orbitals: (i) 3S (ii) 4P
An atom of an element has 24 electrons, what is the total number of S eletrons?
Give the values of all four quantum number of 11th electorn of Magnesium (At. No. = 12).
What observations did Rutherford make the following conclusions? a) The atomic centre is positively charged. b) Most of the space inside the atom is hollow.
Give the values of all four quantum number of outermost electron of sodium atom (Z=11).
What is Bhor’s-Bury rule?

Equivalent Mass

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Equivalent weight of an element is 32.5. What does it mean?
Why is hydrogen displacement method not applicable to determine the equivalent mass of copper?
Define equivalent weight of an element. A divalent metal has atomic weight 24. What is its equivalent weight?
4gm of a divalent metal reacts with chlorine to produce 11.1gm of its metal chloride. Calculate the atomic mass of metal.

Alkali Metals

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What is the main product obtained when sodium is allowed to react with dry ammonia at 300°-4000°C.
Why alkali metals cannot be obtained by chemical reduction method?
What are the chemical formulae of caustic soda, washing soda and baking soda? What are their main uses?
What happens when a piece of sodium is dropped into water?
What is the biological importance of sodium?
What would happen when the nitrate of an alkali metal is heated?