TyroCity: Chemistry 11 Notes

Halogens (Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine)

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Why halogens are never found in the Free State in nature?
A test tube contains a solution of one of the following salts: NaCl, NaBr and NaI. Describe a single test that can distinguish among these salts.
Give any one chemical reaction to prepare chlorine gas from hydrochloric acid.
Give a chemical reaction to show oxidizing action of chlorine.
How would you obtain bromine from HBr?
What happens when KBr is heated with conc. H2SO4 acid?
Why can’t HI be prepared by the action of conc. H2SO4 on NaI?
Give the action of

(i) KI on copper sulphate solution

(ii) Heat on lime stone.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory and Laws of Stoichiometry

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

State the Law of Multiple Proportions.
State the law of Constant Proportion.
State the Law of Reciprocal Proportion.
How did the law of multiple proportions encourage Dalton to introduce atomic theory?
H and O react separately to give H2O2 and H2O respectively. What law of stoichiometry is illustrated? State the law.
Phosphorous reacts with oxygen to produce P2O3 and P2O5 respectively. Which Chemical law does the data illustrate? State the Law.
State the Law of conservation of mass. Why is this law known as Law of indestructibility of matter?
12gm of Carbon react with 32gm of oxygen to produce 44gm of Carbon dioxide. Which Chemical Law do these data illustrate? State the Law.

Periodic Classification of Elements

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Is a potassium atom larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium ion? Explain.
Why does the atomic size increase in going down any family of the periodic table?
Why do metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions?
Which of the following pairs would have a larger size and why? (a) K or K⁺ (b) F or F^-
Why does the first ionization energy increase from left to right in a given period of the periodic table?
Why ionization energy of alkali metals decreases as the atomic number increases?
Why do the Oxide O^-- and Sulphide S^-- have negative charge?
What is the basis of the classification of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Why do atomic radii decrease across a period and increase in a group with the increase of atomic number?
Arrange the elements Na, Li and K in the increasing order of first ionization energy.
Why is the ionization energy of Lithium greater than Sodium?
Compare the size of F^- and Na⁺ with the atomic size of Neon.
Why the size of Cl^- ion is larger than Cl atom where as the size of K⁺ ion is smaller than that of K atom?
State Modern Periodic law.
Why ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen?
What is the basic difference between Modern Periodic Table and Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

The meniscus for mercury in a glass tube is concave downward. Explain.

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Ans: Because cohesive force between molecules of mercury is greater than the adhesive force between mercury and glass molecules.

NEB Model Question for Chemistry – Class 11

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

NEB QUESTION MODEL OF CHEMISTRY
GRADE : 11
FOR : 2070

Exam Oriented Model Question
Time : 3 hrs

Full Marks : 75

Pass Marks : 27
Group ‘A’

Attempt any Fifteen question : 15 × 2 = 30

Q.1. State Law of reciprocal proportion.

Q.2. The oxide of an element contains 67.67 % of oxygen and V.D. of its volatile chloride is 79

Q.3. Define surface tension of Liquid.

Q.4. Write down important differences between crystalline and amorphous solid.

Q.5. What is Pauli’s exclusion principle ?

Q.6. Give the values of all four quantum numbers of 11th electron of magnesium.(At. No. 12)

Q.7. What is radioactivity ?

Q.8. Write the Lewis structure of (a) H2O2 and (b) HNO3.

Q.9. Explain why HCL has polar character though it has covalent bond.

Q.10. State Modern Periodic law.

Q.11. How would you show the following reaction is a redox reaction?
Mg + Cl2 —————> MgCl2

Q.12. State Le-Chateliers principles.

Q.13. What are the difference between nascent and molecular hydrogen ?

Q.14. name any two oxides of each of the following :
(i) amphoteric
(ii) neutral.

Q.15 What is allotropy ? Name the latest discover allotropic form of carbon.

Q.16. What is meant by acid rain ? Give one major effect of acid rain.

Q.17. Distinguish between flux and slag with one example of each.

Q.18. Can sodium be extracted by the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride ? If not why ?

Q.19. Define electrophile and nucleophile with an example of each.

Q.20. Give IUPAC name of the following compound.
a) CH3-CH(Br)-CH(NH2)-COOH
b) CH3-C(CH3)2-C9OH)H-CH3

Q.21. What is meant by thermal cracking and catalytic cracking ?

Q.22. Identify A and B in the following reaction and give their IUPAC name.

Group ‘B’

Attempt any five Question. 5 * 5 = 25

Q.23. Urea [(NH2)2CO] is prepared by reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide :
2NH3(g) + CO2(g) —–> (NH2)2CO(aq.) + H2O(l)
In one process, 637.2 g NH3 is treated with 1142g of CO2.
(a) Which of the following reactant is the limiting reactant ?
(b) Calculate the mass of urea formed
(c) How much excess reagent (in gram) is left at the end of the reaction ?
Q.24 State Avogadro’s law. Using the law to deduce relationship between Molecular mass and vapour density.
Q.25. State and explain Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.
Q.26. Specify Oxidation half, reduction half, oxidizing agent and reducing agent. Balance the following equation by ion-electron or oxidation number method :
Fe2+ + H+ + NO3– ——–> Fe⁺³ + NO + H2O
Q.27. Describe the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process.
Q.28. Explain the laboratory preparation of carbon monoxide in laboratory What happens when CO is passed through finely divided nickel ?
Q.29. Describe the detection of foreign element (N,S,X) in organic compounds.

Group ‘C’

Attempt any two questions. : 2 × 10 = 20

Q.30. State Boyle’s law and Charles law. Derive PV=nRT. What is the density (in gram per liter) of ammonia at STP if the gas in a 1.0L bulb weights 0.672g at 25oC and 733.4 mm Hg pressure.

Q.31 Describe the manufacture of sodium carbonate by ammonia soda process. Also, mention the function of limestone in the manufacture process.

Q.32. Write down the process involved in the manufacture of caustic soda by Solvay-Kellner’s process.

Solid State

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Explain why sodium chloride does not conduct electricity in solid but a good conductor when molten.
Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solid.
Distinguish between Crystal Lattice and unit cell.

Chemistry XI Questions

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Question Collection

NEB Model Question for Chemistry – Class 11

General and Physical Chemistry

Language of Chemistry

Language of Chemistry

Chemical Arithmetic

State of Matter: Gaseous State

Gaseous State

State of Matter: Liquid State

State of Matter: Solid State

Solid State

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Electronic Theory of Valency and Bonding

Electronic Theory of Valency and Bonding

Periodic Classification of Elements

Periodic Classification of Elements

Inorganic Chemistry

Non-Metal I

Non-Metals II

Metal and Metallurgical Principles

Metal and Metallurgical Principles

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

OTHER TOPICS

In terms of vapour pressure, what do you mean by a boiling point of a liquid?

Name the physical property behind rise of liquids in capillary tube.

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Ans: Surface Tension

Why does boiling point of liquid rise on increasing pressure?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

As the pressure applied to the liquid surface is increased, the energy needed for the liquid molecules to expand to gas phase also increases. Hence, a higher temperature is required to change liquid to gas phase. So, boiling point of liquid rises on increasing pressure.

Define Van’t Hoff’s factor. What for it used?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Wiki- The van ‘t Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved, and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van’ t Hoff factor is essentially 1. For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van ‘t Hoff factor is equal
to the number of discrete ions in a formula unit of the substance. This is true for ideal solutions only. Sometime ion pairing occurs in solution. At a given instant a small percentage of the ions are paired and count as a single particle. Ion pairing occurs to some extent in all electrolyte solutions. This causes deviation from the van ‘t Hoff factor. The deviation for the van ‘t Hoff factor tends to be greatest where the ions have multiple charges.

i=van’t Hoff= the number of particles a formula breaks up into

C6H12O6(s) ==>C6H12O6(aq) (1 mole of particles) C6H12O6 =1

NaCl(s) ==> Na⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) (2 moles of particles) NaCl=2

CaCl2(s) ==> Ca²⁺(aq)+ 2Cl^-(aq) (3 moles of particles) CaCl2=3

Define aqueous tension. Why is it subtracted from the total pressure to determine the pressure of a dry gas?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Ans: Aqueous tension is defined as the partial pressure of the water vapour present in the moist gas.
When the gas is colleced over the water, it becomes moist due to presence of small quantity of water vapour caused by evaporation.
Then, pressure exerted by moist gas = pressure exerted by dry gas + pressure of water vapour (aqueous tension).
i.e. Pmoist = Pdry + f (aqueous tension)
or, Pdry = Pmoist – f
Therefore, aqueous tension should be subtracted from the total pressure to get pressure of the dry gas.

Metal and Metallurgical Principles

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Name the process for concentration of sulphide ore.
Which metals can be extracted from the following ores:

Galena, cinnabar, argentite and zinc blend

Distinguish between calcination and roasting.
What is meant by aluminothermite process?
What is meant by Slag? Why is it important in metallurgy?
Which process is applied for the concentration of sulphide ore and why?
Can Sodium be extracted by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride? If not, why?
Distinguish between flux and slag with examples.