TyroCity: Chemistry 11 Notes

Carbon

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Carbon monoxide is used as a reducing agent in metallurgy but not carbon dioxide. Why?
Give the laboratory method of preparation of carbon monoxide.
Define the terms ‘allotropes’ with examples.
What happens when carbon monoxide is passed over heated finely divided nickel?
What happens when a piece of burning magnesium is dropped into a jar full of carbondioxide?
What happens when oxalic acid crystals are heated with concentrated sulphuric acid?
Why is carbon used as the most common reducing agent in thermal metallurgy?
What is dry ice? Why it is called so?
Why is carbon monoxide extremely poisonous?
Give examples of crystalline allotropes of Carbon.
Write a chemical reaction to show the reducing action of CO.
How would you convert CO into CO2 and vice versa?
What happens when Carbon monoxide is heated with hydrogen in presence of ZnO and Cu?
Name the latest discovered allotropic form of carbon.
What happens when:

(a) Carbon monoxide is passed over finely divided nickel at 80°C.

(b) A gas obtained from a mixture of marble and dilute hydrochloric acid is passed into lime water till excess.

(d) Carbon monoxide is passed over finely divided nickel.

Hydrogen

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Show that nascent hydrogen is powerful reducing agent than molecular hydrogen.
List all the possible istopes of hydrogen. Name the isotope which does not contain neutron.
Give a reaction which shows that water contains hydrogen.
When steam is passed through red hot coke, a mixture of two gasses is obtained. Name the gases and write the reaction involved.
What happens when zinc dust is added to an acidified solution of potassium permanganate.
Differentiate between ortho and para hydrogen.
Mention important uses of eacho of the followings: a) Heavy water b) Ozone Layer c) Hydrogen gas d) Deuterium e) Tritium f) Nascent hydrogen

What happens to the vapour pressure of a solvent, when non volatile solute particles are dissolved in it?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

A non volatile solute particle lowers the vapour pressure of solvent because solute particles become surrounded by solvent particles when dissolved. This causes the particles of solvent to evaporate less because it requires more energy for the particles to do this since the solvent to solute attraction are strong. So the vapour pressure of a solution is less than that of the pure solvent.

Vapour pressure depends on
A· Nature of liquid
B· Temperature
C. Presence of impurities

Define coefficient of viscosity. How coefficient of viscosity is related with viscous force?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Ans: Coefficient of viscosity is defined as the tangential force per unit area required to maintain unit velocity gradient between the layers of liquid.

Phosphorous- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Name different amorphous forms of phosphorous.
Write the Lewis structure of orthophosphoric acid and phosphate ions.
What happens when white phosphorus is heated with aqueous caustic soda?
How is white phosphorous converted to red phosphorous and vice versa?
What is the effect of heat on ortho phosphoric acid?
What happens when white phosphorous is exposed to air?
Write chemical action of white phosphorous on conc. Nitric acid.
Write chemical action of white phosphorous on aqueous KOH solution.
Give an important use of each of Red Phosphorous.
Name any two allotropes of phosphorous. Why is phosphorous stored in water?
What happens when: (a) White phosphorous is heated with concentrated solution of Caustic Soda? (b) The gas produced by the action of white phosphorous with sodium hydride is passed through silver nitrate solution?

Periodic Classification of Elements

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Is a potassium atom larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium ion? Explain.
Why does the atomic size increase in going down any family of the periodic table?
Why do metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions?
Which of the following pairs would have a larger size and why? (a) K or K⁺ (b) F or F^-
Why does the first ionization energy increase from left to right in a given period of the periodic table?
Why ionization energy of alkali metals decreases as the atomic number increases?
Why do the Oxide O^-- and Sulphide S^-- have negative charge?
What is the basis of the classification of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Why do atomic radii decrease across a period and increase in a group with the increase of atomic number?
Arrange the elements Na, Li and K in the increasing order of first ionization energy.
Why is the ionization energy of Lithium greater than Sodium?
Compare the size of F^- and Na⁺ with the atomic size of Neon.
Why the size of Cl^- ion is larger than Cl atom where as the size of K⁺ ion is smaller than that of K atom?
State Modern Periodic law.
Why ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen?
What is the basic difference between Modern Periodic Table and Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

Liquid State Question

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Name the physical property behind rise of liquids in capillary tube.
Define aqueous tension. Why is it subtracted from the total pressure to determine the pressure of a dry gas?
What is evaporation? How does it differ from boiling?
Define coefficient of viscosity. How coefficient of viscosity is related with viscous force?
Why is Glycerine more viscous than water?
Why is a mercury droplet spherical?
In terms of vapour pressure, what do you mean by a boiling point of a liquid?
The meniscus for mercury in a glass tube is concave downward. Explain.
What do you understand by viscosity?
What is the efect of temperature on: (a) Surface tension (b) Viscosity (c) Vapour pressure of liquid
What do you understand by the term ‘surface tension’?
How is surface tension of a liquid originated?
Define Van’t Hoff’s factor. What for it used?
What do you mean by boiling point and evaporation?
Give reason:

a) Falling liquid drops are spherical
b) Evaporation takes place from the surface of liquid
c) It is more efficient to wash clothes in hot water than cold water.

What happens to the vapour pressure of a solvent, when non volatile solute particles are dissolved in it?
Define the term coefficient of viscosity?
Why does boiling point of liquid rise on increasing pressure?
Mention physical properties of liquid due surface tansion.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis and Its Application

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

In what ways have Avogadro’s hypothesis given support to Dalton’s atomic theory?

Give reason.

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

a) Falling liquid drops are spherical.
Due to surface tension. Surface tension is the property of liquid due to which it tries to aquire minimum surface area. Since, for a given volume sphere has a minimum surface area, a mercury droplet is spherical.

b) Evaporation takes place from the surface of liquid.
Since, the kinetic energy of the surface molecule is greater than the bulk molecule, evaporation takes place from the surface of liquid.

c) It is more efficient to wash clothes in hot water than cold water.
Surface tension decreases on increase in temperature. Due to this hot water can wet the clothes more effectively then cold water. So, it is more e to wash clothes in hot water than cold water

Ozone

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Write resonance structures of ozone.
How does CFC deplet Ozone layer?

Fundamental Principles- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

For detection of elements (N, X, S) in organic compounds, why is sodium fusion carried out?
Write the structures of the following organic compounds:

(a) 2-methyl propan-1-ol

(b) 3-methyl butanoic acid

(d) 2,2-dimethyl propane

(e) 2-ethyl pent-1-ene

(f) 2-chloro-2,3-dimethyl pentane

Why is aqueous solution of sodium extract alkaline?
Define an electrophile and nucleophile giving an example from each.
Why is it necessary to prepare sodium extract for the detection of foreign elements in organic compounds?
Write short notes on Homologous series.
What are anti-knocking reagents? Name one important anti-knocking agent.
How would you detect the presence of nitrogen and sulphur together in the organic compound?
Why is Lassagne’s extract boiled with concentrated nitric acid while testing for halogen?
What is the function of Tetraethyl lead (TEL) in gasoline?
Write down the structure formulae of the third member of the following homologous series:

(a) Alkanamide

(b) Alkanol

(d) Alkanoic acid

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What are radioisotopes? State one use of such isotopes.