TyroCity: Chemistry 11 Notes

Empirical, Molecular Formula and Limiting Reactants

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What is limiting reactants? Why is it essential in stoichiometric calculations?
10.6gm of pure Na2CO3 if treated with 7.9gm of HCl to produce NaCl, H2O and CO2, (5 marks)

a) Find the limiting reactants and calculate mole of unreacted reagent left over.

b) What volume of CO2 gas is produced at NTP?

c) Calculate the mass of NaCl formed.

A chemical reaction was carried out by mixing 25gm of pure Calcium Carbonate and 0.75 mule of pure hydrochloric acid to give CaCl2, H2O and CO2. (5 marks)

a) Which one is the limiting reactant and why?

b) Calculate the mass of CaCl2 produced.

c) How many numbers of water molecules are formed?

d) What mass of NaOH is required to absorb the whole CO2 produced in the reaction?

Avogadro’s Hypothesis and Its Application

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

In what ways have Avogadro’s hypothesis given support to Dalton’s atomic theory?

Metal and Metallurgical Principles

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Name the process for concentration of sulphide ore.
Which metals can be extracted from the following ores:

Galena, cinnabar, argentite and zinc blend

Distinguish between calcination and roasting.
What is meant by aluminothermite process?
What is meant by Slag? Why is it important in metallurgy?
Which process is applied for the concentration of sulphide ore and why?
Can Sodium be extracted by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride? If not, why?
Distinguish between flux and slag with examples.

Alkali Metals

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What is the main product obtained when sodium is allowed to react with dry ammonia at 300°-4000°C.
Why alkali metals cannot be obtained by chemical reduction method?
What are the chemical formulae of caustic soda, washing soda and baking soda? What are their main uses?
What happens when a piece of sodium is dropped into water?
What is the biological importance of sodium?
What would happen when the nitrate of an alkali metal is heated?

Fundamental Principles- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

For detection of elements (N, X, S) in organic compounds, why is sodium fusion carried out?
Write the structures of the following organic compounds:

(a) 2-methyl propan-1-ol

(b) 3-methyl butanoic acid

(d) 2,2-dimethyl propane

(e) 2-ethyl pent-1-ene

(f) 2-chloro-2,3-dimethyl pentane

Why is aqueous solution of sodium extract alkaline?
Define an electrophile and nucleophile giving an example from each.
Why is it necessary to prepare sodium extract for the detection of foreign elements in organic compounds?
Write short notes on Homologous series.
What are anti-knocking reagents? Name one important anti-knocking agent.
How would you detect the presence of nitrogen and sulphur together in the organic compound?
Why is Lassagne’s extract boiled with concentrated nitric acid while testing for halogen?
What is the function of Tetraethyl lead (TEL) in gasoline?
Write down the structure formulae of the third member of the following homologous series:

(a) Alkanamide

(b) Alkanol

(d) Alkanoic acid

Dalton’s Atomic Theory and Laws of Stoichiometry

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

State the Law of Multiple Proportions.
State the law of Constant Proportion.
State the Law of Reciprocal Proportion.
How did the law of multiple proportions encourage Dalton to introduce atomic theory?
H and O react separately to give H2O2 and H2O respectively. What law of stoichiometry is illustrated? State the law.
Phosphorous reacts with oxygen to produce P2O3 and P2O5 respectively. Which Chemical law does the data illustrate? State the Law.
State the Law of conservation of mass. Why is this law known as Law of indestructibility of matter?
12gm of Carbon react with 32gm of oxygen to produce 44gm of Carbon dioxide. Which Chemical Law do these data illustrate? State the Law.

Environmental Pollution- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

What is meant by acid rain? Give one major effect of acid rain.

Periodic Classification of Elements

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Is a potassium atom larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium ion? Explain.
Why does the atomic size increase in going down any family of the periodic table?
Why do metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions?
Which of the following pairs would have a larger size and why? (a) K or K⁺ (b) F or F^-
Why does the first ionization energy increase from left to right in a given period of the periodic table?
Why ionization energy of alkali metals decreases as the atomic number increases?
Why do the Oxide O^-- and Sulphide S^-- have negative charge?
What is the basis of the classification of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Why do atomic radii decrease across a period and increase in a group with the increase of atomic number?
Arrange the elements Na, Li and K in the increasing order of first ionization energy.
Why is the ionization energy of Lithium greater than Sodium?
Compare the size of F^- and Na⁺ with the atomic size of Neon.
Why the size of Cl^- ion is larger than Cl atom where as the size of K⁺ ion is smaller than that of K atom?
State Modern Periodic law.
Why ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen?
What is the basic difference between Modern Periodic Table and Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

Why does boiling point of liquid rise on increasing pressure?

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

As the pressure applied to the liquid surface is increased, the energy needed for the liquid molecules to expand to gas phase also increases. Hence, a higher temperature is required to change liquid to gas phase. So, boiling point of liquid rises on increasing pressure.

Oxygen

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Write the names of any two neutral oxides with their formulae.
What are neutral and amhoteric oxides? Give one example of each.
What are oxides? Classify the following oxides justifying the classification: a) NO b) CO2 c) ZnO d) CaO
Mention one example of each of the following: i. Allotrope of oxygen ii. Amphoteric oxide iii. Most abundant isotope of hydrogen iv. Neutral oxide

Verification of (Boyle's + Charles) Law

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

VERIFY BOYLE’S LAW WITH THE HELP OF K.M.T

According to Boyle’s law at constant temperature, pressure & volume of a gas are related as:

PV = constant

According to Kinetic theory, pressure of a gas is

VERIFY CHARLES LAW WITH THE HELP OF K.M.T
According to Charles law at constant pressure, absolute temperature & volume of a gas are related as:
V/T = constant
According to Kinetic theory, pressure of a gas is

Phosphorous- Old is Gold

Chemistry 11 Notes — Sat, 12 Jul 2014 05:41:42 +0000

Name different amorphous forms of phosphorous.
Write the Lewis structure of orthophosphoric acid and phosphate ions.
What happens when white phosphorus is heated with aqueous caustic soda?
How is white phosphorous converted to red phosphorous and vice versa?
What is the effect of heat on ortho phosphoric acid?
What happens when white phosphorous is exposed to air?
Write chemical action of white phosphorous on conc. Nitric acid.
Write chemical action of white phosphorous on aqueous KOH solution.
Give an important use of each of Red Phosphorous.
Name any two allotropes of phosphorous. Why is phosphorous stored in water?
What happens when: (a) White phosphorous is heated with concentrated solution of Caustic Soda? (b) The gas produced by the action of white phosphorous with sodium hydride is passed through silver nitrate solution?