TyroCity: Mass Communication Notes

Types of Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

The communication can be categorized mainly into these ways:-

Verbal vs. Non-Verbal communication.
Inter- personal vs. Intra- personal communication
Small Group vs. Mass communication
Verbal communication of Non- Verbal communication
Communication is a process which needs different elements to complete. Therefore, if we speak and write for communication these are verbal types of communication. In the other hand, if we don’t use written or spoken words but only use our gestures, body movement and symbols or colors. It is called non-verbal communication. The traffic light, colors of traditions & cultures, uniforms, customs, get up, etc.
Inter-personal & Intra-personal communication
Intra personal communication is such communication that is performed within individual. If a man involves himself in communication, it is intra personal communication. An individual can have conversation about his/her lover and beloved material affairs, friends, or any other issue.
Inter-personal communication is such communication that requires at least 2 persons for having conversation. In the communication process, inter-personal communication is taken as in effective type of communication. Inter-personal communication sometime occurs even in the group communication.
Small group vs. Mass communication
Group is a form of people who are generally gathering for common purpose. If there are dozens of people generally it is a group. The communication that is performed among the people involved in group is called group communication. The classroom discussion, general staff meeting, gathering or crowd in the city center are some example of group communication.

Mass communication
Mass is a number of people and its nature is heterogeneous. Normally 10,000 to above is called a mass, and the communication that is performed with in the mass is called mass communication. ‘Pranchanda’ speaks in Tudikhel, any radio or television programme focusing a heterogeneous mass or audiences is normally an example of mass communication. In mass communication there is less interaction between the sender and the receiver. In this communication process, message receiving system is delayed. Likewise, in group communication, the interaction system is same and there is less interaction between sender and the receiver. However, in group communication, there is the probability of inter-personal communication.

Other types of Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Organizational communication
The communication which is practiced in an organization is called organizational communication. In this communication, process communication is practiced vertically and horizontally. Vertically in the sense, it is practiced from the boss to low-level staff. Horizontally in the sense, it is practiced from the organization and to its people, client and good wishers.
Folk communication
The communication that is practiced from the beginning of society is called folk communication. In this communication process, people can talk have a conversation through music, folk songs, cultures and so on.
Cultural communication
The communication that is practiced with its different culture of society is called cultural communication. In society there are different types of people having a different culture like the culture of Newar, Bharamin, Mongolian, etc. and they can have communication.
International communication
The communication which is practiced among international people is called international communication. The people of Nepal have communication with the people of India or China is known as international communication.

Characteristic of Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Communication is a process of transmitting message.
The process is continued, comprehensive and two ways or multiway.
Transmission of message occurs between or among person through channel.
Communications cannot occur without certain feedback.
Quality 1 communication depends on all its elements.

Some Definitions of Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Communication is a process of increased community or sharing between participants on the basis of sending and sharing message.
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                                           -Denis Mc Quail
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Communication is the achievement of very similar or parallelmessage in the person initiating a message and those receiving it.
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                                       -De Flaur and Denis
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Communication can be defined as the establishment of a common understanding., as a transferal of meaning from are person to another, as the stimulation of common symbols in various minds through symbol interaction or as the creation of message in other through stimulus response activities.
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                               -Merill Lee & Fried Landert
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Communications is the person of sending information and understanding from one person to another.

                                                  -Haimans

Communication is laws of force through which person create and message social realities.

                                                   -Narula

The term communication is held to involve some kind of transfer of information from one person to another to a group of other people.
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                                                   -Berger
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Communication is sum of all acts that a person does to make his or her message understand by another person mind.
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                                                    -Allen
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Communication is interaction by means of mutually recognize signals.

                                                  -Hartley

Communication is defined as the transmission or exchange of information or ideas or feelings by means of sounds, signs & symbols.
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                                              -Neal &Brown
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Communication is the act of transmitting information.

                                                    Ambler

Communication is the person of sharing meaning or link to rest of humanity.

                                         Gamble and Gamble

Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

The word communication has multiple meanings & definition. As several meaning and definitions have emerged over a period of time but the central idea has remained the same. Most of the scholars define communication simply as a process of exchanging ideas, views, and thoughts between two or more.
Communication in our everyday life includes talking and writing as well as non-verbal expressions, body language or restorers to communication. Sometimes we also use image or visual tools like paintings, photographs, visuals or films to express ourselves or to receive information and ideas from others. Conversation through telephone calls, radio & television broadcast are other ways of communication. People communicate with each other they go. Persons even in the state of meditation cannot avoid communication. We cannot image the existence of human society without communication.
The word communication is derived from the Latin word ‘communist’ or ‘communicare’ which are the same meaning as community and common communication can-occur within ourselves, or between two or more. In any situation communication is shared and exchanged. Therefore, the meaning of communication becomes a process of sharing message with ourselves or the rest of society. It is a social interaction through dissemination of messages.
Communication has long history since the human civilization. The men kind started communication since 0.2 million of years ago. Then the kind introduced word as an oral language. Since seventy thousand years ago. Similarly, the men kind introduced the letters since 3500 years ago. As the time passed, many discoveries were found.
Homerd Socretts, Coper Nicus, Aries Totle, Gautam Buddha, Jesus Christ, King Janak etc, developed communication in written and oval from all over world.

Mass Communication Introduction

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

The communication that is occurred among thousands of people is called mass communication. In this process, any individual media or message goes to the heterogeneous people. The father of mass communication Denis McQuailhas said the term mass communication was coined along with that of mass media, early the 20thcentury to describe that was the of new social phenomenon and a key feature of the emerging modern world that was being built on the foundations of industrialism and popular democracy.
Characteristic of Mass communication
As we have mentioned above mass communication is the communication through medium, Merill de and Fried Lander describe the characteristic of Mass communication as following.

Mass communication covers up a large mass which can be distance from the source. The distance between the source and the receiver can be thousands kilometer for away but it does not look like distant.
Scattered: The mass is scattered in the mass communication process. It is heterogeneous in age, education, level & under standing and other statins

. Mass can be dispersed locally, nationally or internationally.
Anonymous: In the mass communication process, the audiences are anonymous to source as it is the long distance at large circulation and so on.

Mass Communication XI

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Difference between Communication, Mass Communication and Journalism

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Communication	Mass-Communication	Journalism
It is overall exchanging message.	It is based on exchanging message through medium.	It is exchanging message but based on new views, ideas, thoughts etc.
Medium may or may not need to be used changing message.	Medium is compulsorily necessary.	Without medium no journalism exchanged or performed.
By seeing, looking, reading or any of our sense organ we can communicate to hem or by ourselves.	If once wants to communicate needs medium automatically.	Necessarily it is based on news operating system.
Since the human civilization communication was started.	Since man kind discovered letters wards and sentences it was started.	Since Acta Divra that was profound by roman Emperor Julious Ceaser, it was started.
Communication is the basis of it wings like mass com. and journalism.	Mass comm. is the main body of comm. and also part of it.	Journalism is a specific term.
Communication may not have particular objective to be performed.	It has certain objective to be achieved.	It has specific objective to be achieved.

Process of Communication

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

……………………………………FIG……………………………………….
Encode- Translating ideas

Decode- Understanding meaning

Noise- Symantical (language) Noise, physical Noise, Geographical Noise.

The Elements of communication process
Communication is a process that is completed by passing different phases which are calling the elements of communication process. Each element has its particular meaning and definition, and they are independently recognized the elements of communication are being discussed as follows.

Source Sender:- Source or sender in communication person is very much important part becomes it generates the theme ideas thoughts or the message of communication process. In fact source is the sender which tends to exchange the message among others.
Message:- Message also is very important in communication process as it indicates the main theme of communication process. The message can be in different from like verbal, non-verbal, written, symbolic, signal or any others. If the message is clear, meaningful and easy to communicate, it can obviously catch the audience concentration.
Channel:- Channel is any tool that passage message from one place to another one person to the next without channel as message exchange and no message can be delivered. The change also can be categorized in other ways like basic and instrumental channel. For example sound wave is basic channel whereas newspapers, radio, television, online, internet are instrumental channel.
Receiver:- Receiver is the next component which receives the message from the channel. The message can be receiver reacts positively, if not it reacts negatively. In this way, the level of understanding, status can differentiate the process of communication. The word audience is very important in the communication process.
Effect/Feedback:- Ultimately the message affects the receivers, and their response. If the message is good, receivers react positively and give positive feedback, if not; they react negatively and give negative feedback. After all the receivers are informed, it will become the source of message and again the communication process starts and ends.
Noise:- Noise is disturbance in the communication process. While the process of communication starts and ends, the hazards, destruction, disturbance may arise, and they can be anything. Sometimes the weather may be disturbance, sometimes printing may cause disturbance in the communication process, sometimes radio jingles, etc.

Who is Journalist?

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Journalist is the one who disseminates, collects news,
information, matters, views, thoughts, including him/her or
people.
-Behind each journalist there are media.
-Journalist only has the right to inform and he/she has social
responsibility. – Journalist has updated each event, has piles of
information.
-Journalist look after the government, legislative and judiciary.
-Journalist also determine the views and the functions of such
bodies.

News

Mass Communication Notes — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

News is an information about recent events or developments.

A radio or television broadcast presenting the important events or developments that have taken place is called news.

News is the communication of selected information or current events which is presented by print, broadcast or word month to a mass audience.

News is a newly received or not worth information especially about recent or important events.

The determining factor for news value
1. Power elites-changes (positive negative)
2. Economically powerful
3. Prominence- news written in counter of Nepal according to present situation of country
4. Surprise, mystery, unexpected situation like accidents.
5. Proximity

Importance of News

For making news constitution
Clean drinking water
Maintaining the rules of country

In news, journalist can’t put his/her own opinion. It must be fact.

News is written with accuracy, balance and credibility.

ABC of Journalism
A- Accuracy
B- Balance
C- Credibility (truth worthy a trust and believe)

Parts of Newspaper
Mast Head: The name of newspaper
Ear Panel: News adds published in the newspaper at the both side.
Logo: The date of submit news
Date line: Date, Address month
By line: The name of reporter
Print line: The address of the media/newspaper
Credit line: The source of news
Head line: The title of the news
News highlight: Important short news