TyroCity: Travel & Tourism XI

Purpose to Travel

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Wanderlust: It is described as the desire to exchange the known for both the unknown and familiar to unfamiliar. It is short term tour. For e.g. Cultural tour.

Sunlust: Sunlust travelers are the adventure travelers. They enjoy sun and sand, and mostly are young.

It is a long term tour in comparison to wanderlust. For e.g. trekking, sporting etc.

Nature of Tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Ownership of tourism is non-transferable = In tourism, buy and sale product doesn’t mean to buy the property as a tangible product. It is an agreement to buy and sell products.
Tourism is an assembled product = This service can’t be provided by a single enterprise. It is compilation of each service.
Tourism product doesn’t move = The product of tourism can’t be transported. The customers need to move to the products themselves.
Tourism products are non-storable = Service-production is typically fixed to time and space. A service ‘dies’ if it is not sold within a given time. It can’t be stored.
Every citizen part of tourism = The citizens of a country are directly or indirectly involved in tourism by their work, response and behaviors towards tourists.

Concept of Travel and Tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Definition:
Generally, people who travel from one place to another are called tourists and their activity is called tourism.

First definition of tourism: It was given by Austrian economist Herman Van Scheullard in 1910. According to him-“The sum total of operation mainly of economic nature which is directly related to entry, stay and movement of foreigner inside or outside a certain city or region is tourism.”

Demerits of this definition:

Focused on mainly operation
Ignores the domestic tourists

In 1993, WTO suggested official and technical definition of tourism for statistical purpose and it is-“Tourism is the activity of person travelling to and staying in places outside the usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or any other purpose.”

Conclusion: Tourism is an experience rather than goods.

Development/Evolution of Tourism Global Context

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

The 1^st phase (epoch) - early days up to 1840 AD: People travelled for different purposes like commercial interests, religious purposes, seeking knowledge etc.
The 2^nd phase (epoch) – 1841 up to 1945 AD: Thomas cook helped a lot to develop the status of tourism as;
- Development of urbanization and concept of holiday
- Improvement of transport and communication
- Development of 1^st railway link
- Thomas cook published a guide book for travelling information
- Cook opened a financial institution for currency exchange in 1870
- In 1867, introduction to vouchers helped to develop the nature of tourism i.e. pay here, get there
- The development of Shipping technology (1^st ship is Suez
The 3^rd phase (epoch) –1945 to modern days: The modern development are:
- Globalization of tourism
- Increment of living standard of people
- Mass tourism
- Development of modern transport
- Formation of international organization
- Bilateral/ multilateral agreements in tourism

Thus, the modern tourism is called “The century of mass tourism”

Development of Tourism In Nepal

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

After unification to before down of democracy:
- In 1850, Junga Bahadur Rana visited Egypt, Britain, France and religious places of India
- De-Denial Wright (1877) visited Nepal and wrote the book of history of Nepal
- Bir Shumsher changed foreign policy during this period that facilitated Gorkha Army Recruitment
- In 1905, Chandra Shumsher invited prince Wales for hunting in Nepal
- In 1908, Chandra Shumsher visited Britain and around 73 magazines published the message of Nepalese art and culture
- After the unification, Indian, Chinese, British came Nepal for political purposes
- During the period of PNS, country was closed for outsiders, especially for Europeans to preserve independent and strengthen the unity of country
- During the 104 years of Rana Regime (1846-1950 AD), the growth of tourism was paralyzed
After democracy to till (1951 to till):
- 1^st hotel established but closed due to lack of tourists
- Mt. Everest Climbing in 1953 AD begun
- 1957 Tribhuwan Rajpath was opened and in the same year RNAC was established
- 1958 July 4^Th ,RNAC operated 1^st flight
- 1959, Nepal became member of IUOTO and PATA
- 1959, tourist info center was established
- 1959, civil aviation act was introduced
- 1960, Nepal became member of ICAO
- 1960, direct air liked to Delhi and Kolkata
- 1962, taking statistics started
- 1964, government passed tourism rule
- 1964, Hotel Shankar and 1965, Hotel Annapurna established
- 1966, Hotel Soaltee
- 1972, tourism master plan developed with German expertise
- 1972, HMITC established with the help ILO/UNSP
- 1976, HAN and Tourism Agency
- Feb 23, 1977, Ministry of Tourism
- 1977, election of chairperson of world tourism commission for south Asia
- 1978, High level tourism co-ordination committee
- 1978, 2^nd tourism master plan formulated (Lumbini Master Plan)
- 1982, National Tourism Promotion Committee formed
- 4^th priority for tourism in budget of fiscal year 1995/96
- 1995, tourism policy approved
- Feb 1997, Nepal tourism Board Act 2057 formulated
- Government declared the year 1998 as year of tourist with slogan “UNY98”
- 1999, NTB and Civic Aviation Authority
- 1999, NAThM and 3 years later B.H.M (TU) established
- UNDP worked at 7 districts
- 2003, NAThM started 3 years BTM and in same year 50^th anniversary of Mount Everest
- Now, Nepal is member of UNWTO, PATA, ICAO, IAIA etc
- 2006, peace process was signed that helped to develop no. of tourists visiting Nepal

Types of Tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Different types of tourism:

Mass Tourism : It is the most recent phenomenon of the modern tourism. This concept emerged along with the concept of paid holiday. It focuses on more no. of tourists instead of selective or elite tourists. The development of air ways and sea ways has helped to travel many people at once. Many travel agencies focus on package-tourism due to many people.
Village and Urban Tourism : In village tourism, all activities are concerned within village. A village is selected as a model village. A few guest room and kitchen are developed without disturbing the village environment. Urban tourism focuses on city tourism where big hotels and restaurants are developed.
Cultural Tourism : It is related to the tours to culturally rich places. The tours are arranged to provide knowledge on culture, religion, beliefs, attitudes, social behaviors and so forth.
Adventure Tourism : It involves three basic components; an element of risk, higher level of physical involvement, and specialized skills to participate. For e.g. rafting, trekking, bungy-jumping etc.
Conference Tourism : Big business-homes, multi-national companies, government etc organize meetings, conventions, conferences that make people visit different places and countries.
Eco-Tourism : This type of tourism is the need of modern era. This type of tourism is organized in natural environment and the tourists observe man-nature relationship.
Recreational Tourism : It concerns with recreational activities, mostly centralized in big cities. For e.g., casinos at Los Angeles, Night Clubs at Bangkok etc.
Health Tourism : This type of tourism was in more demand in late 19th century. People visit different places for better health and refreshed mind.
Sustainable Tourism : This concept emphasizes on public participation. It does deal with the study of carrying capacity of the earth.
Historical Tourism : It focuses on visiting historically important places like museums, monuments, archaeological areas and so forth.
Domestic and International Tourism : Domestic tourism focuses on earning local currency while international tourism focuses on earning foreign currencies.
Ethnic Tourism : This type of tourism is concerned with organizing tours to visit many indigenous communities and native people of the places.
Business and Leisure Tourism : Business category includes tourists visiting for business purposes while that travel for holidays are the leisure travelers.

Determining factors of tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

There are various determining factors of tourism which are as follows:

Industrial development : It has been noticed that more people travel industrially developed places while less visit industrially undeveloped places. The industrial development increases the per capita income and provides leisure as paid holiday.
Wealth of the society : Money is the pre-condition to travel. Travelling is easier for the rich. So it has been noticed that more people travel from rich and wealthy countries.
Development of holiday : It has been remarked that many people travel from Europe because their society has accepted the need and importance of holiday and hence, tourism.
Geographical situations : A country or place surrounded by rich countries or areas receives more tourists than that in remote area. For e.g. more people visit Phewa Lake than Rara Lake in Nepal etc.
Economic Stability : Tourists prefer economic stability in their own country and the country they are going to visit.
Transportation facility : It is the pre-condition for travelling. The tourist spot with good transport facility will receive many tourists. For e.g. Rara Lake at Far western Nepal receives fewer tourists than Phewa Lake.
Religious Places : Visiting religious places, pilgrimages etc have been one of the most important motives of people to travel.
Natural Beauty : Tourists prefer to visit naturally beautiful places. For e.g. our country Nepal etc.
Accommodation and Better facilities : Better accommodation and facilities increase the no. of tourists.
Environment of place of Visit : It is well known fact that tourists prefer to visit clan, nice, pollution-free and peaceful places.
Accessibility : A region having less or easy formalities receives higher no. of tourists. For e.g. Bhutan is not accessible to many people etc.
Political Stability : No tourist likes to get involved in political problems of a country he/she is visiting.
Man-made Environments : Man-made environments draw the attraction of many tourists.
Peace : None likes to visit in war-time and violent places.
Hospitality/ Friendliness : Tourists like to visit more to the places where people are friendly or hospitable.
Recreational Centers : Many countries have developed the recreational centers to attract many tourists.
Special Events : By organizing special events like sports, visit year etc, many countries are increasing the no. of tourists.
Weather/ Season : Certain time of year, during better season, the no. of tourists visiting a country will be optimum.

Travel & Tourism XI Notes

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Topics

Differences between Visitor, Tourist and Excursionist

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

VISITOR	TOURIST	EXCURSIONIST
Any people visiting a country other than that in which he/she has his usual place of residence, for any reason other than following occupation remunerated from with country visited and remaining at least 24 hours.	Any person coming to country for legitimate reason other than immigration and who stays at least 24 hours and at most 6 months during the same year.	Any person visiting a country other than his residence and remaining less than 24 hours.
They stay more than 24 hours and less than 1 month.	They stay more than 24 hours and less than 6 months.	They stay less than 24 hours.
They are not involved in earning activities.	Their activities should be of ‘Economic Nature’.	They shouldn’t get involved in earning activities.
All visitors are not tourists.	Al the tourists are called visitors.	All visitors may be excursionists.

Development of Tourism In SAARC

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

The importance of tourism has been recognized since early days of SAARC. The leaders during the second summit held at Banglore in 1986 defined committee shop should be taken to facilitate tourism in the region.
1St meeting of SAARC tourism minister was held in Colombo I September 1997.
The 24th session of the council of ministers approved establishment of working in tourism which helped to planning.
The tourism ministers who minister who met at Cox’s Bazaar (Bangladesh) in May 6 adopted Cox’s Bazaar action plan.
The SAARC visa exemption scheme was held in 1992 AD.

Different motives/purposes of tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

There are 8 different motives of tourism which are listed below:

Physical Motives : Many people travel due to physical consciousness. Their tour is connected with their bodily health, well-being and physical relaxation.
Pleasure : Many people travel to be free from the monotonous daily routine life. They need pleasure for some time.
Relaxation, Rest and Recreation : People travel in order to get relaxed, rest their mind and body, and to get recreation and rejoice.
Heath : Many people travel to get fresh breath and body for good health. The development of spas during the Roman period was result of people to seek good health.
Curiosity and Culture : Man always loves travelling and is curious in order to know other’s culture, tradition and religion.
Ethnicity and Family : A large no. of people travel to visit their family, friends and relatives, and also new people.
Participation in Events/Festivals : Many people travel to take part in meeting, conferences and conventions. Some travel to celebrate festivals and ceremonies.
Spiritual and Religious Motives : Visiting religious places, pilgrimages etc have been one of the most important motives of people.

Different Approaches of Tourism

Travel & Tourism XI — Sun, 08 Apr 2012 05:41:42 +0000

Tourism as a Human Experience is an activity that individual usually enjoys by visiting various places. They feel quite relaxed and comfortable.
Tourism as a Social Behavior Exchange of culture. It helps in exchanging culture, religion and way of living.
Tourism as a Geographical Phenomenon is the relation between two places here and there. Tourist is a person from there who doesn’t belong to here and travels certain distance from place of residence to other.
Tourism as Resource as it is said-“Tourist brings money.”
Tourism as Business imposes manpower. It mobilizes people into work and to earn good money/ economy.
Tourism as Industry is a group of several related industries like accommodation, attraction etc.