Net Present Value (NPV) has practical implication and so widely used in business decision making as it includes the time value of money. This theoretical method has been found to be used 80% in business decision for new expansion and 60% for mutually exclusive projects. Its use has increased over the years for capital budgeting and financial decision making. (Sun & Queyranne, 2002) Here we will look into how positive and negative NPV are generated and what is the driving factor for this.
Let us take the following for a project.
Initial investment or Present value of cash outflow = Rs. 250,000.00
Discounted Rate of return = 10 %
Period = 5 years
Expected annual cash inflow = Rs. 70,000
In this example we are taking an example of a consistent cash flow only. Let us calculate the discounted cash inflow and net present value.
Figure 1:
A
B
C=A*B
D=D-C
Year
Cash Flow (CF) in Rs.
Present Value (PV ) = 1/(1+i)^n
PV of Cash inflow (in Rs) = CF * PV
NPV = PV of Cash Inflow – Cash outflow (In Rs)
0
(250,000)
1
(250,000)
(250,000)
1
70,000
0.9091
63,637
(186,363)
2
70,000
0.8264
57,848
(128,515)
3
70,000
0.7513
52,591
(75,924)
4
70,000
0.6830
47,810
(28,114)
5
70,000
0.6209
43,463
15,349
Here we can see that the project can be selected as it gives a positive value in the last year.
Now let us consider the same project with the same initial outflow, period, and expected cash inflow but increase the discounted rate of return to 20%.
Figure 2:
A
B
C=A*B
D=D-C
Year
Cash Flow (CF) in Rs.
Present Value (PV ) = 1/(1+i)^n
PV of Cash inflow (in Rs) = CF * PV
NPV = PV of Cash Inflow – Cash outflow (In Rs)
0
(250,000)
1
(250,000)
(250,000)
1
70,000
0.8333
58,331
(191,669)
2
70,000
0.6944
48,608
(143061)
3
70,000
0.5787
40,509
(102552)
4
70,000
0.4823
33,761
(68,791)
5
70,000
0.4019
28,133
(40,658)
In Figure 2 we can see that the NPV is still negative in the fifth year with a discounted rate of return of 20% but a positive NPV is reflected in figure 1 with a discounted rate of 10%. What this shows is that the investment in figure 2 should be rejected while the investment in figure 1 should be selected as it has positive cash flow at the end of the expected year.
From this we deduce that a higher discounted rate of return is not favourable for investment.
Reference
Sun, D., & Queyranne, M. (2002). Production and inventory model using net present value. Operations Research; Linthicum , 528-537. Retrieved from proxy.lirn.net/MuseProxyID=mp02/Mu...
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Net Present Value (NPV) has practical implication and so widely used in business decision making as it includes the time value of money. This theoretical method has been found to be used 80% in business decision for new expansion and 60% for mutually exclusive projects. Its use has increased over the years for capital budgeting and financial decision making. (Sun & Queyranne, 2002) Here we will look into how positive and negative NPV are generated and what is the driving factor for this.
Let us take the following for a project.
Initial investment or Present value of cash outflow = Rs. 250,000.00
Discounted Rate of return = 10 %
Period = 5 years
Expected annual cash inflow = Rs. 70,000
In this example we are taking an example of a consistent cash flow only. Let us calculate the discounted cash inflow and net present value.
Figure 1:
Here we can see that the project can be selected as it gives a positive value in the last year.
Now let us consider the same project with the same initial outflow, period, and expected cash inflow but increase the discounted rate of return to 20%.
Figure 2:
In Figure 2 we can see that the NPV is still negative in the fifth year with a discounted rate of return of 20% but a positive NPV is reflected in figure 1 with a discounted rate of 10%. What this shows is that the investment in figure 2 should be rejected while the investment in figure 1 should be selected as it has positive cash flow at the end of the expected year.
From this we deduce that a higher discounted rate of return is not favourable for investment.
Reference
Sun, D., & Queyranne, M. (2002). Production and inventory model using net present value. Operations Research; Linthicum , 528-537. Retrieved from proxy.lirn.net/MuseProxyID=mp02/Mu...