Molecular formula = C2H2
Empirical formula = CH
Molecular mass = 26
Empirical mass = 13
Common name = Acetylene
Homologous series = Alkynes
ORBITAL STRUCTURE
OF ETHYNE
COMPOSITION OF ETHYNE MOLECULE:
Ethyne molecule consists of two C-atoms and two H-atoms (C2H2). NATURE OF HYBRIDIZATION:
In ethyne molecule, each carbon atom is Sp-hybridized. Due to Sp-hybridization, each carbon atom generates two Sp-hybrid orbitals. In this way there exists four Sp-orbital in ethyne. These Sp-orbital are arranged in linear geometry and 180o apart. Remaining py and pz unhybrid orbitals of each carbon atom lie perpendicular to the plane of Sp-orbitals. SIGMA BOND FORMATION:
One Sp-hybrid orbital of each carbon atom overlaps to produce one sigma bond between two
C-atoms.The remaining one Sp-orbital of each C-atom overlaps with one H-atom to produce sigma bond. Pi-BOND FORMATION:
Py and Pz orbital of two carbon atoms are un-hybrid and make parallel overlapping to produce pi-bond. BOND LENGTH:
The C–H bond is 1.09A and C-C is 1.2A.o. BOND ANGLE:
HCC bond angle is 180o.
METHODS OF PREPARATION
BY THE HYDROLYSIS OF CALCIUM CARBIDE: CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 BY TETRA CHLOROETHANE: Cl2CH-CHCl2 + 2Zn C2H2 + 2ZnCl2 BY 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE:
Br-CH2-CH2-Br + KOH C2H2 + 2KBr + 2H2O
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
-COMBUSTION REACTION:
2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O + heat -ADDITION REACTIONS: Addition of Hydrogen:
C2H2 CH2=CH2 C2H6 Addition of Halogen:
C2H2 +Cl2 Cl-CH=CH-Cl Cl2CH-CHCl2 Addition of Hydrogen Halide:
C2H2 + HBr CH2=CH-Br + HBr CH3-CHBr2 Addition of HCN:
C2H2 + HCN CN-CH=CH-CN Addition of Water:
C2H2 + HOH CH2=CH-OH [rearrangement] CH3CHO (Ethanal) Oxidation of Ethyne: In cold solution
C2H2 + HOH + 3[O] 2HCOOH (Formic acid) In hot solution,
C2H2 +4[O] (COOH)2 (Oxalic acid) -SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS:
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
-Ethyne is a colourless gas with a characteristic smell.
-It has a melting point -81oC.
-It has a boiling point -84oC.
-It is significantly soluble in water. However, readily soluble in organic solvents.
USES OF ETHYNE
-It is used in welding to produce oxy-acetylene flame of temperature about 3000oC.
-It is used in the synthesis of useful compounds such as ethanol, ethanoic acid, PVC, acetaldehyde.