Relationship of Sociology with other Sciences

·         Sociology and History

·         Sociology and Political Science

·         Sociology and Economics

·         Sociology and Physiology

·         Sociology and Biology

It is necessary to study and analyses between sociology and other sciences on the basis of their subject matter, attitudes, study methods, etc. Here, subject matter refers to the contents of the subject, attitudes, refer to the characteristics or features of the subject and study methods indicates the way how we analyse or study it.

Both sociology and history are concerned with social events. Sociology studies modern society where historical development of society such as different stages of human life, way of living, their culture/tradition, various institutions, etc. On the other hand history studies the past in systematic manner. It deal with the past political system, social system, cultural system, leadership system, Governance system, organizations and institutions, language, art, literature, etc. It is necessary to study the historical development of the subject or content to know it better. Otherwise, it is incomplete study.

Eg. Newar society  ® History ?

This means to study Newar society, it is necessary to know the historical development of that society.

As, sociology and History are inter-related with the above mentioned similarities, there are some differences also. They are as follows:

Sociology studies the various social activities and social relationships of human beings. Whereas political Science studies the political activities are also conducted within the society as it deals with the political organizations, their principles and their activities. It is also said that political science is incomplete without the study of sociological background. The state, government, nature of government organs, law and order, etc. are determined by social progress. In this context, the root ground of both sociology and Political Science are society.

“Historically, sociology has its main roots in Politics and Philosophy of history” – Gins Berg

The differences of Sociology and Political Science are as follows:

Every society is influenced by economic factors whereas all the economic activities or process are determined by the existing social environment. Without proper social environment economics cannot go ahead. Economic factors pay significance role in every aspect of our life. Economic development, industrialization, production, distribution etc. cannot be made effective without the study of the society.

According to Karl Mars (founder of communism) made of production determines social relationship, ideology and thought. Likewise, another sociologist, Maclver remarks that economic phenomena is constantly determined by all kinds of social need and activity in turn they are constantly re-determining, creating, shaping and transforming social head and activities of every kind.

Sociology and Economics are different in the following ways:

Sociology	Economics
Sociology is the general science	Economics is particular science
Sociology is abstract in nature	Economics is concrete in nature
Sociology considers human as social being	Economics considers human as Economics being
The scope of sociology is wider. As it is considered with all social relationship	The scope of economics is comparatively narrower as it is concerned only with economic activities
Sociology is a young science as its history is short	Economics is old aged science as it has a long history</ div>
Sociology studies human in sociological prospective	Economics studies human in economical prospective

It is believed that sociology and psychology are closely related as there is no meaning of sociology without psychology and vice-versa. Psychology is related to consciousness which has to depend on sociology to understand human nature and behavior in proper way. Psychology provides the real fact regarding the matter of social structure, culture and social organizations to which an individual belong to develop the personality. In this sense sociology must have psychological basis as it depends on exploring the human nature in social relationship. It helps the sociologist to be realistic and more objective so that they can understand the human behavior properly.

According to Maclvers Page, when we study the individual nature or the consequences we need to go through psychological point of view. A part from this, there are following dissimilarities :

Sociology	Psychology
Sociology is general science.	Psychology is particular science.
Sociology studies the society from sociological point of view.	Psychology studies the individual behavior.
It analyses social process.	It analyses mental process.
The scope of sociology is wider as it studies all aspects of human beings and society.	The scope of physiology is comparatively narrower as it studies only the mental aspects of society.
Sociology studies social organizations and institutions with their social relationships.	Physiology studies individual as the members of society.
Experimental method is rarely used in sociology.	Experimental method is mostly used in Psychology.

Sociology is the study of society including human evolution, their behavior, and their development and so on. It also studies genetics and sexual behavior which can be considered as one of the most important branches of Biology. As, Biology is related with the biological development of living organisms, the biological development of human beings also come under this.  Human behavior is influenced or affected by heredity or gene which is studied in Biology. Sociology also studies human behavior likewise one that major concerns of sociology is marriage that is based on Biology.

Herbert Spencer explained his theory of the evolution of society on the principle of natural evolution. So, nature and society are very close to each other.

The followings are the dissimilarities between them,