Biology XI Content
Animals
Ovipary – is the development of embryo inside the egg but outside the body of female. The phenomenon occurs in egg laying animals.
Vivipary – is the fertilization and development of embryo occurring inside the body of female. Placenta is present. Young ones are directly given birth. E.g. Metatherian and Eutherian mammals.
Ovovivipary – female allows the development of embryo inside the body but do not provide any other extra nourishment as the placenta is absent. E.g. shark, rattle snake, marsupials etc.
Sex(Some Terms):
- Monoecious or bisexual or hermaphrodite – one organism consists of both sexes in it. E.g. flatworms, annelids
- Dioecious or unisexual – Each organism either male or female sex. E.g. Roundworms, arthropords etc.
- Sexual dimorphism – male and female animals can be distinguished morphologically (externally). E.g. lion &lioness, man & women etc.
- Protoandry – Male reproductive organs mature before female organs
- Protogyany – Female reproductive organs mature earlier than male ones.
Development:
- Direct:
In this, there is no larval stage and newly born young resembles the adult. - Indirect:
Young ones quite differ from adult ones and called nymphs or larvae. They lead independent life and undergo metamorphosis to become an adult.
Sinuses – cavity filled with blood
Book lung – is a primitive, leaf like & flatted type of lung found in class arachnida of phylum arthropoda. E.g. in spider, scorpion etc.
Malphagian Extretin in mosquito, coaxial glands (attached to leg and body in arthropods).