Physics XI Content
SYSTEM
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SYSTEM
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A thermodynamic system is a collection of matter which has distinct boundaries.
OR A real or imaginary portion of universe which has distinct boundaries is called system.OR A thermodynamic system is that part of universe which is under thermodynamic study. |
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| FOR EXAMPLE: A BALLON FILLED WITH AIR A BEAKER FILLED WITH WATER |
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TYPES OF SYSTEM
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| There are three types of thermodynamic systems. | |
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OPEN SYSTEM
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An open system is one in which both mass & energy transfer takes place across the boundaries.
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CLOSED SYSTEM
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A closed system in which there is no transfer of mass takes place across the boundaries of system but energy transfer is possible.
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ISOLATED SYSTEM
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| An isolated system is that in which there is no transfer of mass & energy takes place across the boundaries of system. A thermo flask containing hot or cold liquid. |
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MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES
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| All the properties of a system in bulk which are easily measurable are known as macroscopic properties. | |
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TYPES OF MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES
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Macroscopic properties can be divided into two main classes.
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INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
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| Macroscopic properties of a system which are independent of mass are known as intensive properties. whatever is the mass but properties remain unchanged. FOR EXAMPLE: MELTING POINT, BOILING POINT, DENSITY, TEMPRATURE, PRESSURE, VISCOSITY. |
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EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
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| Macroscopic properties of a system which are strictly dependent on their mass or quantity of matter are known as extensive properties. If mass is halved the property will also be half. FOR EXAMPLE: volume, mole, mass, enthalpy, internal energy, kinetic energy. |
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