Physics XI Content
SYSTEM
SYSTEM | |
A thermodynamic system is a collection of matter which has distinct boundaries. OR A real or imaginary portion of universe which has distinct boundaries is called system.OR A thermodynamic system is that part of universe which is under thermodynamic study. | |
| FOR EXAMPLE: A BALLON FILLED WITH AIR A BEAKER FILLED WITH WATER | |
TYPES OF SYSTEM | |
| There are three types of thermodynamic systems. | |
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OPEN SYSTEM | |
An open system is one in which both mass & energy transfer takes place across the boundaries.
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CLOSED SYSTEM | |
A closed system in which there is no transfer of mass takes place across the boundaries of system but energy transfer is possible.
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ISOLATED SYSTEM | |
| An isolated system is that in which there is no transfer of mass & energy takes place across the boundaries of system. A thermo flask containing hot or cold liquid. | |
MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES | |
| All the properties of a system in bulk which are easily measurable are known as macroscopic properties. | |
TYPES OF MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES | |
Macroscopic properties can be divided into two main classes.
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INTENSIVE PROPERTIES | |
| Macroscopic properties of a system which are independent of mass are known as intensive properties. whatever is the mass but properties remain unchanged. FOR EXAMPLE: MELTING POINT, BOILING POINT, DENSITY, TEMPRATURE, PRESSURE, VISCOSITY. | |
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES | |
| Macroscopic properties of a system which are strictly dependent on their mass or quantity of matter are known as extensive properties. If mass is halved the property will also be half. FOR EXAMPLE: volume, mole, mass, enthalpy, internal energy, kinetic energy. | |
