Animals

Ovipary – is the development of embryo inside the egg but outside the body of female. The phenomenon occurs in egg laying animals.

Vivipary – is the fertilization and development of embryo occurring inside the body of female. Placenta is present. Young ones are directly given birth. E.g. Metatherian and Eutherian mammals.

Ovovivipary – female allows the development of embryo inside the body but do not provide any other extra nourishment as the placenta is absent. E.g. shark, rattle snake, marsupials etc.

Sex(Some Terms):

1. Monoecious or bisexual or hermaphrodite – one organism consists of both sexes in it. E.g. flatworms, annelids
2. Dioecious or unisexual – Each organism either male or female sex. E.g. Roundworms, arthropords etc.
3. Sexual dimorphism – male and female animals can be distinguished morphologically (externally). E.g. lion &lioness, man & women etc.
4. Protoandry – Male reproductive organs mature before female organs
5. Protogyany – Female reproductive organs mature earlier than male ones.

Development:

1. Direct:
In this, there is no larval stage and newly born young resembles the adult.

2. Indirect:
Young ones quite differ from adult ones and called nymphs or larvae. They lead independent life and undergo metamorphosis to become an adult.

Sinuses – cavity filled with blood

Book lung – is a primitive, leaf like & flatted type of lung found in class arachnida of phylum arthropoda. E.g. in spider, scorpion etc.

Malphagian Extretin in mosquito, coaxial glands (attached to leg and body in arthropods).