Chemistry XII
General
General & Physical Chemistry (Section A)
Volumetric Analysis
- Volumetric Analysis Formulae
- Eqv. Mass of Oxidant and Reductant
- Concentration of Solution
- Normality Factor (f)
- Standard Solution
- Titration
- Selection of pH indicator (choice of pH indicator) :
- Determination of concentration of solution (Normality equation)
Energetics of Chemical Reactions
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
- State of a system, state variables and state function
- Thermodynamic Processes
- Reversible and Irreversible processes
- Thermodynamic equilibrium
- First law of thermodynamics
- Internal energy (E)
- Sign convention of heat and work
- Enthalpy (H)
- Laplace – Lavoiser Law of Thermo chemical Reaction
- Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation
- Numerical related Hess’s Law
- Bond Energy or Bond enthalpy
Chemical Thermodynamics
- Spontaneous Process
- Entropy Function
- Second law of Thermodynamics
- Criteria for spontaneity in terms of H, S and G
- Free energy change and net useful work
Chemical Kinetics
- Chemical Kinematics
- Instantaneous rate and average rate of reaction
- Rate of reaction and stoichiometric coefficient
- Factors affecting the rate of reaction
- Theories of Rate of Reaction
- Order of Reaction
- Determination of order of reaction by initial concern method
- Half Life (t1/2)
- Arhenius equation dependence of rate on temperature
- Molecularity of a reaction
- Pseudo Unimolecular reaction
Inorganic Chemistry (Section C)
Heavy Metals
Heavy Metals: Copper
- Copper
- Extraction of Copper from Copper pyrite
- Cuprous Oxide or Red Oxide of Cupper (Cu2O)
- Cupric Oxide or black oxide of copper (CuO)
- Copper Sulphate(CuSO4)
Heavy Metals: Zinc
- Zinc (Zn)
- Extraction of Zinc from Zinc Blende
- Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
- Zinc Sulphate or White Vitriol (ZnSO4.7H2O)
Heavy Metals: Mercury
- Mercury (Hg)
- Extraction of mercury from cinnabar
- Mercuric Chloride or Corrosive Sublimate (HgCl20)
- Mercurous Chloride or Calomel (Hg2Cl2)
Heavy Metals: Iron
- Transition Metals & Iron
- Iron
- Extraction of Iron from Haematite
- Varieties of Iron
- Properties of Iron
- Rusting
- Manufacture of Steel
- Heat Treatment of Steel
- Some Special Steels
- Ferrous Sulphate or Green vitriol (FeSO4 7H2O)
- Mohr’s salt or ferrous ammonium sulphate FeSO4(NH4)2 SO4.6H2O)
- Ferric Chloride (FeCl2 or Fe2Cl6)
Heavy Metals: Silver
